Types of Stairs || Classification of Stairs

Types of Stairs

Step-by-Step Varieties (Shapes or Layout of Stairs) :

The size of the step is usually determined keeping in view the space available within the building and its utility. An attempt should be made to keep the step sloping, but due to lack of space, it can be given a proper turm. According to the size, the steps are of the following types

(1)  (Straight Flight Stair)

(2) (Quarter Turm Stair)

(3) (Dog-Legged Stair) 

(4)  (Open-well Stair)

(5)  (Bifureated Stair)

(6) (Circular Stair)

(7) (Geometrical Stair)

(8)  (Spiral Stair)

(9)(Ladder)

1.(Straight Flight Stair) :

When all the steps are established in a straight line from one floor to another, without any horse, it is called straight living. Due to its straightness, the people climbing and descending on it can see each other from a distance, so accidents are less on this step. When the number of steps is more than 12--16, this live can be made in two or more actions, between which half a post should be placed. The breath can be taken by stopping for a few moments at the outpost. The post also disturbs the monotony of the long stairway. If there are no walls on the side of the step, then there should be a railing. When the available space is more long but less in width then a sodha step is made. The construction of this step is simple.

2. (Quarter Turn Stair) :

This step is made in two rows, which meet at right angles to each other. A half post is given at the confluence of the two lines (Fig. 11.5). In the absence of space, three winders can also be installed in place of the post.

    Where the space for the step is less in length and it has to be made adjacent to the square walls of the room, then this step is suitable. Where there is no wall on the side of the step, suitable railing is installed. These steps are installed in the entrance hall of public buildings.

3. (Dog-Legged Stair) :

    This step is made in two parallel rows (U-Turm), which are opposite to each other but adjacent (or adjacent). When looking at the length from the position, the section of this step is made like a dog's leg. Hence this step is known by this name. Because in this step the two rows are adjacent to each other, the width of the stair room is approximately twice that of the nopan key.

    At the confluence of both the lines, the turning point of 180 is available, in which one of the following arrangements is made.

(i) A whole post, which is equal to the sum of the widths of both the lines.

(ii) A chain of Ghoomak Kamdachs in one half post and the other half post

(iii) Walk around the whole post.

From the point of view of convenience, one should not put ghoomak steps in the confluence post of both the lines. Reversible (dog-leg) stairways are more constructed in multi-layered buildings, as it takes up less space and the stairs to the upper floors coincide with each other. Also called a wavy step.

4.  (Open Well Stair) :

 It is an open reversible step but sufficient space is left between the two opposite rows. Viewed from above, this empty space looks like a dry deep well, around which a chain of closed steps seems to be circling. On the side of the well, along with the flight of steps, a ladder grille is installed by installing low height sub-pillars, so that there is no fear of falling in the well.

In the well, proper lighting is provided from the ceiling inserted above, so that direct light falls on the steps of the steps. Open wells are also used for installation of lifts.

The width of the step room is the sum of the width of both the rows and the width of the well. At the confluence of the two lines, a half space landing or two half posts and a few steps are arranged in front of the width of the well. As far as possible, one should not go into this step by step. This step is best for public buildings.

 5. (Bifurcated Stair) :  

This step is initially of a single row, but at some height it splits from a common post into two rows of opposite directions, that is, three flights meet from different directions at the common post.

When a single step is to be made for different blocks, then the bi-directional step is best in their joint entrance hall. , The width of the main flight is kept high and that of branch flights is reduced, as the traffic is divided in different directions going up.

According to the position of the building blocks, there are two types of bi-directional steps. When branch-flights are separated from the main line at 90°, a half post is provided. When the branch-flying takes a 180° turn from the main flight, the entire post is put up, but the squares of all three flights are common.

6. (Circular Stair) :

    All the steps of this step are winders, whose oblique nostrils are centered on the same rise line. A chowki is provided on each floor and an entrance gate is placed on its side. Round grille is installed on the inner side of the step. The space which remains in the middle of the round step is called an open well. This coupe has the facility of installing a lift. This step is more suitable for round entrance halls, over which the domed roof is maintained.

 

7.  (Geometrical Stair) :

        This step shows more architecture and grandeur, so it is made in the entrance hall of the best class buildings. All steps in this step are Winders which are curved, not based on a fixed diameter. Any standard curve of geometry can be adopted to make them. This living is difficult to construct because it is difficult to realistically establish the curves.

 In this step, a suitable post should be given at an interval of 12-16 steps. The width of the step should not be less than 1.75 meters.

8. (Spiral Stair) :

 In this step, all the steps are curved in the shape of a kite, which are attached to a central shaft (shaft or new post). The central shaft is made of iron or reinforced cement concrete. Ghoomak steps are made of iron or pre-cast reinforced concrete. In this, the tread and the lift are molded together, which form the central

Roots are attached to the shaft. At the outer ends of all the stairs, railings are fitted with suitable high bars. The upper surface of the steps is grooved or somewhat rough so that there is no slippery.

This step is mostly installed in the backyard of public buildings for emergency exit. This step is installed in addition to the ordinary step and lift. Its utility remains the same in control towers and in many mills, as this stair goes straight up and takes up less space than all stairways. It is a kind of rotating pug-lift. In its construction, necessary care should be taken on the steepness.

9.(Ladder) :

Sodi is made by placing cross bars (or steps) between two parallel long sticks, at suitable intervals. It is made of wood, steel, aluminum etc. It is used for low-rise pillars, swimming tanks, double-chested floors (mezzanine floors) inside offices and shops. It is attached permanently or can be removed as needed. It is 40 to 60 cm wide and the slope is kept 70° to 75°. 

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